[Up: science] [Robot Wisdom home page]

The Chaldean Dynasty of Babylon, 625BC to 539BC

aka: Chaldaea, Kaldu (Assyrian), Kasdu (Babylonian), Kasddim (Hebrew). Also Neo-Babylonia, Sealand

• 625-605 BC: Nabopolassar
• 605-562 BC: Nebuchadnezzar II
• 556-539 BC: Nabonidus

[precipitation]

c3450 BC: Uruk culture along Tigris and Euphrates rivers [cite]

c2400 BC: Ebla documents [info] mention god called 'Nabu' [cite]

c2340 BC: Sargon conquers Mesopotamia for Akkad [cite] appoints daughter Enheduanna first high-priestess of moon-god [job38] she composes hymns in Sumerian; lineage continues 500 years

c2100 BC: Sumer regains independence from Akkad; Sumerian kinglist [info]

2100 BC: ziggurat at Ur to Babylonian (Semitic) moon-god 'Sin' (Sumerian 'Nanna') [pix] [cite] [history] [myth] ditto likely inspiration for Tower of Babel myth [job46] (not related to guilty 'sin'? etym)

2000-1600 BC: 'Old Babylonian period': Amurru rule Mesopotamia from Babylon [cite]

c2000 BC: Marduk and Nabu introduced by Amurru in Mesopotamia [cite] Nabu-Nebo-Nebros-Nimrod 'the spotted one' is Osiris? [theory] more Nibru? = city of Nippur?

c2000 BC? city of Harran (Haran) hosts temple of moon-god 'Sin' [info] located on road from Nineveh to Carchemish

1763 BC: Hammurabi's code [cite]

1740 BC: first mention of Kassite army (Indo-European?) [job83]

c1700 BC: Sealand dynasty founded by Iliman (Iluma-ilum) has reached Nippur [job83]

c1650 BC: Kassite names increasingly appearing in Babylonia, first as farm labor [job85]

1595 BC: Indo-European Hittites raid Babylon [cite]

no-date: Sealand king Gulkishar rules Babylonia? [job85]

c1570-1300 BC: Kassites rule Babylon [cite] respect local religion, language [job86] uninspired dark age?

c1500 BC: Indo-European Hurrians form Mitanni [job87]

c1460 BC: Kassites defeat Sealand [job86]

c1360 BC: Amarna correspondence of Kassite kings Kadashman-Enlil I and Burnaburiash II [sample] [more] Kassite horses are praised, Akhnaten marries Burnaburiash's daughter, trade with Greece [job91]

c1350 BC: Mitanni collapse, rise of Assyrian dynasty of Assur-uballit I (1365-1330BC) love-hate between Assyria and Babylonia [job92]

c1300 BC: Assyrian empire launched from Ashur/Assur [cite] Shalmanesser I builds first Assyrian Nabu sanctuary (in Ashur) [cite]

1235-1228 BC: Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta conquers Babylon [cite]

c1200-900 BC: warm and dry interval in near east (famines and droughts) [cite]

1185 BC: fall of Hittites to Sea Peoples [cite] secrets of iron-working freed from Hittite monopoly? [job104]

c1160 BC: fall of Kassites [job96] Elamites rule Babylon

1158-730 BC: Babylonia under native Babylonian rule [job105]

c1110 BC: Nebuchadnezzar I conquers Elam and recovers Marduk-statue from Susa; Marduk assumes new prominence as leading god [job105]

c1100 BC: Assyrian strength growing [job106] Tiglath-pileser I collects literature into library [cite]

Arameans harrassing Assyria and Babylonia [job106] Aramaic language gradually supplants Akkadian [tree]

1083 BC: famine in Babylon [job106]

social chaos reflected in Erra Epic? [summary]

c1080: Arameans of Syria resist Assyrian attack [cite]

c1050 BC: 'humanised' version of Gilgamesh flood-epic [cite]

1034-1027 BC: Nabu-shumu-libur first Babylonian king with 'Nabu' name

1026-1006 BC: second Sealand dynasty (Kassite names) [job107]

c1000 BC: semitic Chaldeans appear in southern Babylonia [cite] simultaneously Arameans invade Syria [cite]

985-980 BC: Elamite king of Babylonia [job107]

979-944 BC: Nabu-mukin-apli king of Babylonia

c960 BC: New Year's festivals of Marduk and Nabu omitted for nine straight years [job108] Nabu's shrine is in Borsippa

c930-860 BC: Assyrian attacks on Syria [cite]

900-840 BC: Assyrians expand westward into Syria and Turkey [cite]

900-730 BC: seven 'Nabu' names, six 'Marduk's (et al)

c860 BC: first mention of 'Chaldea' (aka 'Sealand') in Assyrian records [cite]

Aramaic script evolving [pic] propagated by Assyrians [linguistics] [scholarly]

853 BC: Assyrian king Shalmaneser III faces (defeated by?) Levantine alliance of Israel, Damascus, Arabs (on camels), Egyptians, and Phoenicians at Qarqar [cite] Assyria conquers Syria except Damascus? [cite]

c850 BC: Shalmaneser III raids Chaldea; reaches Persian Gulf, which he calls 'Sea of Kaldu' [cite]

842 BC: Ben-Hadad of Damascus killed by Hazael [cite]

841 BC: Jehu pays tribute to Shalmaneser III [cite] [pic]

[map] ditto

814 BC: Hazael conquers Ammon, Moab, and Edom [cite]

806 BC: Assyria collects tribute from Neo-Hittites, Phoenicians, Philistines, Israelites, and Edomites [cite]

806 BC: Assyrian inscriptions of Adad-Nirari III (aka Adadnirari III) mention Philistines as Palastu or Pilistu

c800 BC?? moon-god Haman (Harran?) worshipped in Yaudi [cite]

Assyrian antiquities [pix]

796 BC: Assyria sacks Damascus [cite]

796 BC: Joash pays tribute to Adad-nirari III [cite]

c750 BC: Amos (from Judah in the south, preaching in Israel in the north) calls down God's curse on Jeroboam et al (incl both Israel and Judah) [KJV] (1st of prophetic books to be written down) cf contemporary Assyrian curses? [reformatted] protesting conventional view of gods as selfish and malevolent [rdv447, Renan]

c745 BC: Assyria defeats Syria, moves 30k Syrians to Zagros mountains, 18k Arameans from Tigris to Syria [cite]

c744 BC: Assyria defeats Medes, deports 200k Iranians [cite]

740 BC: Menahem pays tribute to Tiglath-pileser III [cite] (or 738BC? at 2Kings 15:19)

734 BC: 'Ahaz, king of Judah' ("Iaukhazi [Jehoahaz] matu Iauda-ai") pays tribute to Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria [cite] [cite]

733 BC: Assyrian deportations from Hazor and Galilee? [cite]

732 BC: Assyria annexes Syria [cite]

725-722 BC: Assyrian seige of Israel (Samaria) [cite]

722 BC: Sargon II of Assyria annexes Israel, 'disappears' 27k (ten lost tribes myth) [jrw16] Samaritans [info] replaced by settlers from Hamath and Babylon? [cite]

Assyria's leading enemies were Egypt and Urartu [cite]

Assyrian campaigns [info] ditto [mythology] [map] [Phoenicia]

721 BC: Chaldean precursor Marduk-apla-iddina II (Merodach-baladan), ruler of Bit-Yakin (a district of Chaldea), seizes Babylonian throne with help of Elam on accession of Sargon II to the Assyrian throne [cite]

botanical enthusiast, astronomical observatory [job115] hires Elamite mercenaries

no-date: Egypt encourages rebellion in Syria and Samaria [cite]

720 BC: recapture of Samaria and exile of inhabitants [cite]

no-date: Marduk-apla-iddina sends envoys to (recently ill) King Hezekiah of Judah (dates 728-699BC), Isaiah predicts Babylonian conquest [KJV-2K] [KJV-Is]

714 BC: Sargon captures Urartu [cite]

710 BC: Assyrians recover Bit-Yakin, deports 100k Arameans and Chaldeans to western Asia, imports others to Babylonia [cite]

703 BC: Marduk-apla-iddina II reappears in kinglist momentarily after 7-year Assyrian rule

702 BC: Assyria defeats coalition of Babylonia, Aram, and Elam, deports 200k Babylonians, Bel-ibni made king of Babylon [cite]

701 BC: Assyria defeats coalition of Phoenicians, Palestinians, and Egyptians in Syria [cite]

701 BC: Hezekiah of Judah pays tribute to escape annexing by Sennacherib of Assyria [Bible] [archeo] ditto [more]

tribute (Assyrian version): "30 talents of gold, 800 talents of silver, precious stones, antimony eye-paint, large cuts of red stone, couches inlaid with ivory, nimedu chairs inlaid with ivory, elephant hides, ebony-wood, boxwood and all kinds of valuable treasures, his own daughters, concubines, male and female muscians."

hostilities: "His towns which I plundered, I took away from his country, and I gave them over to Mitinti, king of Ashdod, Padi, king of Ekron, and Sillibel, king of Gaza.... Himself [Hezekiah] I made a prisoner in Jerusalem, his royal residence, like a bird in a cage. I surrounded him with earthwork in order to molest those who were leaving his city's gate." [cite]

701 BC: Assyrian deportations from Jerusalem and Judah [cite]

700 BC: Bel-ibni of Babylon tries to secede from Assyria, replaced by Ashur-nadin-shum [cite]

c700 BC: Assyrian capital moves to Nineveh; library of Sumerian and Babylonian tablets [cite]

hymn to moon-god (Sin or Nanna) [etext] ditto

694-687 BC: Assyria battling Elam [cite]

689 BC: Sennacherib destroys Babylon (rebuilt promptly by his son) [cite]

681 BC: Sennacherib assassinated [cite]

677 BC: Assyria deports Sidonians, gives territory to Tyre [cite]

671 BC: Assyria conquers Egypt [cite]

671 BC: Esarhadon victory-stele in Yaudi [info]

671 BC: Assyria beseiges Tyre [cite]

c670 BC: Manasseh pays tribute and service to Assyria [cite]

c670 BC: Esarhaddon of Assyria splits Phoenicia into Simya, Sidon, and Ushu, deports many Phoenicians [cite] vassalage-treaties closely resemble Deuteronomy

669 BC: Assyria re-conquers Egypt [cite]

654 BC? Egypt expels Assyrians [cite]

653 BC: Assyria defeats Elam [cite]

651 BC: alliance of Babylon, Phoenicia, Philistia, Judah, Arabia, Chaldea, Elam, Lydia, and Egypt against Assyria will fail after 2yr seige of Babylon [cite]

c650 BC: Ashurbanipal's Nineveh library contains Gilgamesh [cite] "best educated and most literate of Assyria's kings" [cite]

648 BC: Ashurbanipal reconquers Babylon [cite]

648 BC: birth of Adda-Guppi (mother of Nabonidus) [info]

c645 BC: Assyria conquers Arabs [cite]

639 BC: Assyria crushes Susa/Elam, but Assyrian annals also end here [cite]

c628 BC? birth of Nabonidus, only son of (20yo?) Adda-Guppi

626 BC: death of Assurbanipal (Assyrian power weakened)

[map] detailed ditto

625 BC: Nabopolassar (Nabu-apla-usur) defeats Assyrians and founds Chaldean dynasty [cite] [info] (names honor 'Nabu' aka 'Nebo', god of writing and learning)

622 BC: Book of Law (Deuteronomy? [parallels] KJV) discovered by Hilkiah (or forged by Josiah?) [seals] (symbolism of blood)

616-610 BC? campaigns of Nabopolassar against Assyria (and Egypt) described in Babylonian Chronicle [info] ditto or 605-594?

612 BC: Chaldeans level Nineveh with help of Medes [cite]

Philistines deported to Babylonia

610 BC: according to 38yo priestess Adda-Guppi, moon-god Sin departs Harran in anger [cite] but Adda-Guppi stays loyally, finds Sin's robe, promises to restore temple if Nabonidus made king

609 BC: Assyrians crushed by Medes and Babylonians [history/ethics]

609 BC: Necho retakes Levant for Egypt [info]

605 BC: Aug: Nebuchadnezzar [Cath] (Nebuchadrezzar, Nabuchodonosor, Nabu-kudurri-usur, Nabu-kudurri-utzur, 'Nabu protect the boundary' or '...the son' cite) retakes Levant for Babylonia [info] [mythology] [map] [articles]

605 BC: Aug: Daniel and three other boys sent to Babylon as captives [cite] [KJV]

colorful glazed bricks for building [cite]

number system based on 60 [cite]

astrology, zodiac

square/cube roots

aka: Nebuchadrezzar

605 BC: Sep: accession of Nebuchadnezzar II after death of father, Nabopolassar

605-562 BC: Nebuchadnezzar rebuilding Babylon [info&pix]

597 BC: 16Mar? prophet Ezekiel among 10k richest Jews (King Jehoiachin, other nobles, priests, elders, craftsmen) deported to Babylon (by Chaldeans), predicts apocalypse and salvation via prince of house of David [info] [archeo] [map] [KJV-2K] [KJV-Jer] [dating]

Nebuchadnezzar distributes land to remaining, poorer Jews; appoints Zedekiah as king (brother or uncle? contradiction) [EBD]

Babylonian captivity: [critique]

idea of sabbath originates in Babylonia? [theory]

589 BC? Zedekiah revolts, against advice of Jeremiah, Jerusalem beseiged (starvation, after more than a year)

[map]

586 BC: summer: Jerusalem burned by Babylonians, First Temple destroyed? various remaining leaders executed at Riblah

581 BC: third deportation

581 BC? Baruch in Babylon writes his Book and reads it to exiles there [cite]

Nebuchadnezzar conquers Egypt?

567 BC: astronomical anchor in Nebuchadnezzar's 37th year [info]

563 BC: [world history]

562 BC: 07Oct: Nebuchadnezzar dies after glorious 43-year reign, succeded by son Amel-Marduk ('Evil-Merodach') [hpe35]

561 BC: release of King Jehoiachin [cite]

560 BC: 13Aug: Nergal-shar-usur (Neriglissar, son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar) succedes Amel-Marduk [hpe35]

556 BC: 22May: Labashi-Marduk has succeded his father, Nergal-shar-usur [hpe35]

556 BC: 25May: tablet of Nabonidus (Nabu-naid, Nabuna'id, Nabu-na'id, 'Nabu is exalted') [hpe35] (Labashi put to death after two months' reign)

Nabonidus was enthusiastic antiquarian [hpe1] sympathetic to Assyria [cite]

556 BC: Nabonidus's dream of Marduk and Sin commanding restoration of Assyrian moon-god Sin's temple in Harran (where Nabonidus's 'father' had been priest until the Assyrian conquest of 610BC), via alliance with Cyrus [hpe36]

no-date: Nabonidus brags to assembly:

'I am wise, I know, I have seen what is hidden. Even if I do not know how to write with the stylus, yet I have seen secret things. The god Ilte'ri [Belit-tseri???] has made me see a vision, he has shown me everything. I am aware of a wisdom which greatly surpasses even that of the series of insights which Adapa has composed!" [etext]

555 BC: 31Mar: Nabonidus celebrates Babylonian New Year [hpe36]

555 BC: Nabonidus appoints as co-regent his son Belshazzar (Bel-shar-usur) and leads army to Harran, restores temple [hpe37] the Ehulhul (E.HUL.HUL, Temple of Double Joy) [cite] daughter made priestess [cite]

"In foreign Harran he made an abomination, a no-sanctuary, and for it he made an image which he 'called' Sin; it was adorned with a necklace of lapis lazuli, crowned with a tiara; it was not the familiar moon-god of Babylonia [a crescent?], but was like the moon at its eclipse." [hpe54] [etext]

554-553 BC: Nabonidus continues to Hamath, Edom, Gaza; Median general defects to Cyrus [hpe37]

c552 BC: Nabonidus paradoxically relocates to isolated Tema (Teima) in Arabian desert, builds palace, remains until at least 545BC [hpe45] [why?] [DeadSeaScrolls] etext ditto [cf KJV-Dan] New Year's festivals not celebrated [etext] [thread] [Blake-pic]

550 BC: Cyrus captures Ecbatana, Media [hpe37] (territories in Assyria, Mesopotamia, Syria, Armenia, Cappadocia; also claimed by Babylonia)

547 BC: Cyrus bypasses Babylon but defeats Croesus of Lydia [hpe39] 'gods' from other Babylonian cities relocated to Babylon

546 BC: famine in Babylonia due to Belshazzar's misrule [hpe45]

546 BC: governor of Elam defects to Cyrus [hpe45]

546-540 BC: Cyrus successful campaigns in east [hpe45]

c545 BC: death of Nabonidus's 104yo (102?) mother Adda-Guppi in Harran [hpe39] spectacular funeral in Harran? [info] [dating?]

c540 BC: deutero-Isaiah in Babylon describes Suffering Servant [KJV] partly inspired by Zoroaster's Yasna 44? [cite]

540 BC: Nabonidus, back in Babylon, relocates 'gods' from more cities [hpe49] [etext]

539 BC: 04Apr: Nabonidus celebrates New Year's again [hpe50] relocates many more 'gods' over next five months [etext]

539 BC: Oct: Cyrus (or Nabonidus?) burns Akkad, Nabonidus flees to Uruk, Babylon surrenders, Nabonidus exiled to Carmania [map] but Cyrus allows most officials to keep their jobs [cite] [hpe50] [etext] [site] [story&pix] [info] [dating?]

538 BC: Cyrus returns 'gods' to their cities [hpe51] [passim] [etext]

538 BC: 20-26Mar: Akkad mourns royal wife? [cite] with dishevelled hair

538 BC: Cyrus I of Persia repatriates 50k [Ezra]; mutual rejection of/by local population? [cite] returnees not identifiable with deportees [passim]

535 BC: Cyrus defines Babylonia and 'Abar Nahara' ('beyond the Euphrates river', Abarnahara, Eber Nauri) [cite] Sheshbazzar governor of province of Judah [map] ditto

etexts

history, timeline, Assyria, more

job = Joan Oates' Babylon

You can submit a new URL or any other suggestion for this page by typing it into the box below. It will instantly become visible to anyone at this comments page. I should get around to checking it out and updating it above within a week or three, at which point I'll delete it from the comments page.

If you want credit, include your name and email (otherwise it's anonymous). You can use HTML but you don't have to.

[Up: science] [Site map] [Robot Wisdom home page]

Hosting provided by instinct.org. Content may be copied under Open Web Content License.