German: Tiergarten -> zoo
Dutch: diergaarden -> zoos
See special topic NOTEBOOK VI.B.46. Diergaarden was in the word-horde but was not exxed off-- the ms. already read teargarten.
Manuscripts: When this line was first drafted, it looks like Joyce started to add an adjective before 'teargarten' but only got as far as the caret.
Is "teargarten" echoing the agony in the garden of Gethsemane??
The lion is shedding tears in the garden/ zoo.
The Gazetteer says Phoenix Park Zoo "known for its success in breeding lions; many of the lions in European zoos are Dubliners."
The essay on "Zoological Gardens" in the 11th Britannica is clear enough in its only sentence on Dublin: "The Royal Zoological Society of Ireland, founded in 1830, maintains a fine collection in the Phoenix Park at Dublin, and has been specially successful in the breeding of lions." But the historical part of the essay starts "According to Captain Stanley Flower [!], director of the Zoological Gardens at Giza, Cairo, Egypt, the ancient Egyptians kept various species of wild animals in captivity...". His book, NOTES ON ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS VISITED IN EUROPE IN 1907 (Public Works Dept., Cairo) is the first further reference the Britannica lists.
A lion is prominant on the seal or coat of arms of England (I'm not sure which--but lions are prominant symbols of English power since the good old days of Richard the Lion-hearted). This works nicely with the summary: lions are bred in Dublin but become known as signs of English imperialism (or something like that); i.e. the English have usurped the "Dubliners" (the lions) into becoming manifestations of their colonial strength. Anyway the symbol of British power fits in nicely with whitehorsed below.
I find that I'm beginning to associate the '-garten' part of the 'teargarten' with Garden of Eden, if you will forgive me, in 75.01, and jump from that exile from the garden of earthly delights into the vale (garden) of tears and sorrow, where there was established a dynasty of true criminals, whose crime is thus Original Sin, not just casual wrongdoing (76.05). I'm tempted by 75.19 'wordwounder' to remember the Word that was in the beginning.
Lyons Corner Houses were a good chain of mass eateries in England, I think. Tea was sold. There were no jail overtones that I know of.
The Lyons Teahouses may still be in business. Their importance for the era of FW is that they were the only place that women could go to use a toilet when they were out in public. The men had the greenhouses everywhere, but the women had to slip into a teahouse. Could this be the "jail"-like association? The jakes for women?
I think Lyons teahouses may have been in Ireland, but if not they are generic like coca cola. Greenhouses are outdoor public bathrooms--pissoirs in some cases--in Ireland. Only used by men. Women had to use the tearooms. That's why they figure so strongly in this section.
Could Mr Lyons be musing on the image of women peeing in his teahouses? (pee/ tea/ make water) (cf. Chuck Berry, accused of putting a tv camera in the toilet bowl of the ladies room in his country-club's restaurant!)
The Lyons Tea House, when introduced in 1908, represented a social revolution, for a race still emerging from the wastes of the Industrial Revolution. The existing public amenities were very basic and even the notion of going shopping was still evolving. Historically, people bought raw materials and made their meals or their clothes at home. Department stores made shopping possible and provided an environment where women could spend time respectably, but in other respects it was still a dismal experience to go to a shopping area and public areas were very challenging and hostile to respectable women in particular.
The essence of the Lyons Tea House was to introduce a clean, respectable, restaurant style environment with waitress service (the waitresses becoming known as the Pinnies) for people to meet and converse during the day. They were accessible to the mass of working people, in contrast with the up-market hotels which they could never afford to enter or the public houses which were socially unacceptable. The intention was to set up a Lyons Tea House in every town centre and indeed this was probably highly comparable to the concept behind MacDonalds. In both cases the intention and the outcome was to provide a well managed, hygienic, congenial and affordable place of rest to supplement and complement the experience of shopping. While Lyons emphasised respectability for women, MacDonalds emphasised acceptability for families and perhaps the difference is less significant than it seems.
The role of such places as a convenience for women while shopping is highly relevant. GB Shaw was associated in his career as a local politician with the extended campaign to introduce the first public toilet for women in Camden High Street, a shockingly progressive idea for its time and fiercely opposed. In its early days, cabbies took to deliberately crashing their vehicles against its wall in the expectation that it would be removed as a safety hazard. Politicians argued that no respectable woman would enter such a place, which would instead be used only by the flower girls to water their stock. This is the sort of issue that one could well imagine appealing to James Joyce, a genuinely feminist campaign, and Joyce will belong to the generation for whom the Lyons Tea House would still be a social innovation.
In Dublin, Bewleys survives as a large coffee house in Grafton Street which my own mother visited as religiously as the Pro Cathedral whenever she shopped in Dublin City.
The majority of people could not entertain in their own home, again unlike the upper classes. A particular benefit of the Lyons Tea House was that it became one of the few places where it was respectable to meet the opposite sex. Its significance in this respect is illustrated, I recall, in JB Priestly's Angel Pavement.
In all these aspects - as a complement to the shopping experience, as a toilet, as a place to meet the opposite sex - the Lyons Tea House can be argued to have had a part to play in making public life possible for women on terms that were respectful as well as respectable, part of the process of social change which made the modern world a place fit to live in. Hence this is very much the sort of subject matter that I would expect to find in a book like FW.
teargarten -> beer garden
the lion-in-beergarden image suggests Hemingway in Paris to me
I just thought of something rather eerie. At the end of Ellmann, it is reported that Nora had Joyce buried near a zoo in Zurich because he had liked to hear the lions roar (or something like that). Brings a new tone to "As the lion in our teargarten remembers ...", considering the interred HCE, eh?
Ellmann 743: The turbulence of her husband, and his keen pleasure in sounds, were her dominant recollections of him. She took visitors to the cemetery, which adjoins the zoological garden that he had compared to the one in Phoenix Park, and said, "My husband is buried there. He was awfully fond of the lions-- I like to think of him lying there and listening to them roar." (As the lion in our teargarten remembers the nenuphars of his Nile...)
I rather feel that there is more to be said about lions, including Leo's here and elsewhere, and 'leones'. This is not simply a note on this paragraph, of course, but needs to be done with the wordlists for FW _and_ U at hand.
Lions in the notebooks:
A-Exiles1 31 "bought* lion, ass + horse" (speaking of Bedier's Tristan?)
Tea in the notes:
A-Eumeus 105 "signed 'green tea' (Jap lover)"
10.58 "Is that your last cup of tea? Last for today. Is the gallows ready"
A-Eumeus 200
"stayed to tea and later proposed marriage"
3.32 "The prudent person drinking medicine tastes + sips tea by* mistake"
3.51 "tealeaves on carpet"
A-Sisters 8 "Once upon a time. So they put on the kettle and made tea and if they don't live
happy that you and I may"
A-Nausikaa 79 "Lucia girl's teaparty"
A-Words 407-408 "bedtime, teatime"
A-Eveline 61 "Mary Ann she's very fond of flirting, Mary Ann she's very fond of tea"
A-Sisters 67 "queen of teatable + W.C."
A-Exiles1 38 "threw tea in sisters face"
nenuphar -> water lily, lotus
(is lotus right? OED thinks not.)
"Lily of the Nile"?
Yonic motif: 'nenuphars' is French argot for (as it is phrased in Robert Giraud's _Le royaume d'argot_. Paris: Denoel, 1965) "sexe de femme", i.e. 'woman's sexual organ'. Or for those who prefer a handier reference (_Harrap's Standard English- French, French- English Slang Dictionary_. London: Harrap, 1984) "female genitals".
(If Nile = ALP, then has she plural nenuphars?)
It is clear from all sources that a female has a singular thereof, as she does of any other term for the bit of anatomy in question, such as 'abricot' (apricot), 'chatte' (pussycat) etc., in French, or, say 'twat' in English (following Merriam Webster's IIIrd, definitely not the IInd with only Browning's howler). I know of no tradition to supply any female with more than one, unlike Siva with six arms or Diana of Ephesus with a multiplicity of breasts.
I took 'nenuphars' (French argot for c__t) as a plural for that which all female mammals have one of. Others thinking of "lips" (labia infra?) suggested that if a female could have a plurality, this might allude to ALP -- but on the other hand (block that metaphor!) if women only had one each, as I suggested, then it must refer to the 28 +/- rainbow girls. I still opt for his (Leo's) remembering the c__ts and bare gams of the two girls in the park relieving themselves. I find this strongly reinforced when I remember that the Nile arises (at Khartoum) from _two_ streams of water (you should pardon the expression), namely the White Nile and the Blue Nile. (With one each pudendum, the two girls in the park.)
The Nile appears in Chapter One with explorers questing for its source:
Textual echo (023.18): Only for that these will not breathe upon Norronesen or Irenean the secrest of their soorcelossness. Quarry silex, Homfrie Noanswa! Undy gentian festyknees, Livia Noanswa!
Egyptian/ pyramid motif: I can see the lion guarding his Nile as the Sphinx, though in some traditions it's feminine. (in all trads?)
Sphinxes can be male or more likely androgynous. While my dictionary defines the sphinx
as having the head of a male, a ram or a hawk, in Egypt there were
both male and female sphinxes with heads that were not only human, but animal. There are
a number of illustrations of each variety in S. Giedion's
For those who do not believe mythological and theological material should be overstressed
in Joyce, as far as the Egyptian strain is concerned, because of the late nineteenth and early
20th c. archeological discoveries, it was also early Twentieth Century popular culture with
D,D receiving constant notice in the press. It also involves the phenomenon Edward Said
discusses in
The Irish Times of Dec. 1922 (ca), as JJ marshalled his forces for FW, was full of Carnavan
and Tut's tomb.
Nile/nenuphars suggests Solomon's harem to me
our garten/ his Nile: we've gained power over someone powerful
Armenian: aryuz -> lion; aryun -> blood
Arius (c.256-336) His heresy was that he taught that the Word or Logos [or Christ] was
god's first creation created out of nothing. Next, Christ created the Holy Spirit and then the
Holy Spirit created our world. This makes Christ as God's first creation inferior to God, and
so the Holy Spirit is inferior to Christ.
JJ refers to Arius in Ulysses a number of times. Arius' heresy fits well with the "gnostic"
influences on _Isis Unveiled_ (see below).
Arius' doctrine was condemned by Council of Nicea (325). They used the term
_consubstantial_ to underline equality of 3 persons of Trinity. (adapted from Gifford on
_Ulys_ 1.657.)
In the "Circe" episode of _Ulysses_ Stephen counterpoints Arius and Antisthenes the
Cynic while speaking with Zoe.
Arioun = Arion (Amphion) whose founding of the tragic drama through his discovery of the
iambic dithyramb and satire is discussed in Vico. (par. 908, 910, 911) This would seem
relevant to the tragic agony in later sentences. Is Arius remembering Arioun, as early
satirist like his [typo? -jb] being counterpointed against the Cynics??
shall heretics forget tragedians?
Arion rings a bell as the name of either an angel or a fairie (Ariel+Oberon). The reference
to Arius seems wont to forget an angel/cherub.
"shall Ariuz forget" -> will he ever? should he? dare he?
I'd like to find a Romeo/Juliet or Layla/Majnun duo in this.
B46: Armenian, Boghos, baregam (ami), marmazan (corporel)
Marmeniere -> Armenia
The "Paul" is presumably St Paul. So Christianity is a prison that denies him
his sexuality? Is there some famous Paul-quote about friends/neighbors?
God motif: Boghas has Bog/God in it (Polish, Serbo-Croat)
[Arius the tragedian] would relate to Baghos [typo?] as Bacchus (Dionysos) and
the "baregams" of the Bacchae, a type of "Marmazelles"? Dionysus is usually
accompanied by wild animals, particularly feline ones like tigers, leopards, panthers, lions
(?)
gam is slang for leg
man:woman::lion:gazelle (he's dreaming of *eating* their baregams???),
Song title "Mademoiselle from Armentieres" (WWI motif)
The Sea of Marmara would seem to be here. Nicaea, where Arianism was condemned, is
close by. Marble [marmoreal] seems present too. I have no idea what "zalles" are/is -- but
this word seems to add up to a suggestion of underwater marble halls, which recalls the
preceding chapter.
Alliteration: n:N, A:A, B:b, M:M
How does Mademoiselle become Marmarazalles? alles = all in German? Marmalade?
Gazelles?
Glasheen: marmar -> old name for Mars (Mar + Mar = Mars?)
How does Armentieres become Marmeniere? (adding Armenia accounts for the lost "t"
and "s", alliteration for the M)
I notice in the first lines that the lion, 'Ariuz' and 'Boghas' can all be read as Christian (or
Christian-heretical) characters: Christ, Arius, and Paul. But I'm not clear what *they*'d be
nostalgic for, or where they're looking back from.
(Martyr's tears? They've seen the last of freedom/life.)
i notice a pattern in the paragraph that occurs three times:
Dutch: tot weerziens -> au revoir; volle maan -> full moon; negen en twintig
-> 29; postzegel -> postage stamp; wat -> something; brievenbus -> letterbox
The "tots...what" locution is reminiscent of latin "tot...quot" which I think means "as much ... as".
This would enlarge the meaning of "tots wearsense
full... what in our brievingbust" to "whatever bit of sense they put in our post box". The lines
then can have the sense:
"As the lion in the zoo remembers the lilies...then, whatever post he got from the 29 lasses,
he dreamed only..."
I need a fuller example of that Latin idiom. How would they have said "as much sense as
[someone something]"?
tots wear scents (ie, perfumes) -> seductresses???
wearsense -> weary?
teargarten/ wearsense -> "wear and tear"
Sihlpost is the Zurich GPO
a "sigil" is a seal or signet ring, or the mark it leaves (especially on a letter), with
mysterious powers like invisibility or healing
it also suggests HCE's characteristic staff insignia
grieving breast
postbox = statuary bust?
"what in our brievingbust" might be 'that in our...'
(can anyone ask a dutch speaker how exactly this might unpack in Dutch?)
the 29 (could that be the price of a dutch postage stamp back then???) blowing goodbye
kisses to him in the form of loveletters / dreams.
at no time between 1900 and 1950 did the Netherlands issue any postage
stamp with the value of 29 (either guilders of cents), so that it probably was never a
'standard' letter rate.
Is the mailbox his head, the slot his deaf ear, the letter an earwig?!?
(What does that [blowing oats thru the keyhole] at 70.18 mean?)
This may not be entirely relevant to the Kate paragraph, but this line (in context) is about the
Cad/Attacker jeering at HCE through his key- hole. The significance of the keyhole (for
me) is the one in Margot Norris' theory of the 'primal scene'. Shem sees his parents (well,
mostly he just sees HCE's backside in action) through the keyhole of their bedroom. This
would obviously be related to the Attacker/Cad figure because it is the source of HCE's
troubles, according to him (the crime wasn't the problem, it was all that GOSSIP!). I seem
to recall John Gordon talking about similar themes in his book, when discussing the
journalist and the wind, but I won't presume to attempt to summarize. Anyway, blowing oats
sounds to me like sowing one's oats, with the obvious application to the scene(s) in
question.
noticing the bedreamt right after the rainbow girls mail their goodbyes, isn't it likely that his
dream is a form of their letter to him, in this case because he's imprisoned, a goodbye
letter, but a sweet one that sets him sadly dreaming in his teargarden?
ie, they are mailing him sweet dreams, with a kiss?
If so - and I think it is so - then this phrase shows that even though the letter comes from
rainbow i.e. multicolored i.e. painted i.e. fallen women, identified with the postlapsarian
fractured world of the fall into among other things carnality, he continues, benightedly, to
think of them wishfully as the originary pure white. That is, he is a heliotrope, yearning
toward the sun from his fallen veiled world. "Solely" contains "sol," and "stil" includes the
word alternatively spelled "style" and "stile" - a writing implement, a
sundial's gnomon, and - here - the stalk bearing the flower's seedcase. (Compare FW
236.34, 505.22, 556.20, 606.27). So in spite of the rainbow fall and the veiled lower world
that goes with it the dreamer is still an idealist, envisioning lily-white women in a pure white
sunbright world. For "undeveiled," [below] compare "Nausicaa" in "Ulysses," where
Bloom's thoughts about the gossamer webs of Gerty blend with speculations about the
rainbow, all in a twilight setting.
Dutch: stil -> still, silent
Manuscripts: "It may be that the besieged bethought him still of that lililith undeveiled, which
had for [=] him and knew not the watchful treachers at his wake, and there to stay."
Since someone pointed out the roots of our paragraphs back in Chapter 3, with HCE holed
up in his tavern while a guy yells insults at him, and hurls glatt stones?... since making that
connection, I've been wondering if "besieged" mustn't be quite explicitly that setting.
Dreams in the early notes:
10.03 "W thinks she is frigged in sleep tells Priest. He at altar next morning thinks he has
been polluted. Catechism class He explains, boy's revery. He meets girl. She dreams "The
dance*""
A-Circe 134 "oracle = dream"
A-Nausikaa 39 "girl's dream of death she still lives"
3.63 "Is has a dream-- it is interpreted by Jung" it wasn't until 1932 that Maria Jolas
suggested Jung for Lucia! Mrs McCormick had demanded Jung for JJ in 1919 (he
refused).
3.122 "serial dreams"
A-Exiles3 1 "characters exhibit to terrified protagonist their dream
malevolence"
3.131 "Is dream of last day : visions of T---"
A-Penelope 157 "her dream complexion"
A-Penelope 158 "dream eclipse end of world"
A-Scylla 39 "dream thoughts are wake thoughts of centuries ago" A-
Exiles2 103 "you're dreaming"
A-Exiles2 141 "Song in dream"
Manuscripts: that lilith
Lilith: see special subject below
"lililiths" has HCE's stutters in it.
lililith suggests a lily of stone.
lily/lith = stem/stone = Shem/Shaun
lily echoes nenuphars
Matthew 6:28 'the lilies of the field'
lilies undeveiled/ of the field is a cool pun. how could lilies of the field undo one, though?
intoxicated by their beauty?
Christiani (Scandinavian...) notes Danish "Lille","little", and glosses "little stones".
OED lists -lith (2nd listing) as 1. A body of men. As an ending to "lili" the word aligns
spookily with "Lilita rutilantium chorus excipiat" (U 10.23-24) Gifford translates the phrase
"May the glittering throng of confessors, bright as lilies..." Gifford also points out that in
absence of a priest, the prayer could be recited by a man of strong virtue. The majority of
pg 75-76 seems to echo an elegy for the dead, complete with flowers and 'throngs of
confessors
bright as lillies'.
"undeveiled" suggests undefiled
Spenser: "Dan Chaucer, well of English undefiled"
A-Scylla 31 "well of English must be defiled Bethesda" (Summer '23)
one assumes the beseiged must have tried and failed to deveil them?
i see undevilled, which in crossword-land means unscrambled the letters
lililiths undeveiled -> leave no stone unturned???
as cute as all our lililith-lith-rock puns are, they don't really fit the poetry of the seductresses!
_Isis Unveiled_ (1887) was Mme. Blavatsky's first major work for her new Theosophical
Society (very influential in Yeats' circle). The work aims to synthesize theology and science
through exposing arcane knowledge (mostly Eastern). That Lilith replaces Isis in the
allusion may question the sincerity and validity of the Society's attempt to make Irish writing
conform to Eastern philosophy (George W. Russell especially). That Lilith remains
"undeveiled" seems to suggest the futility of such efforts.
The relevance of the Blavatsky/theosophy allusion may be that Blavatsky was an 'automatic
writer'. That is, she claimed not to be the author but rather a medium through which an
ethereal spirit communicated. The connection here might be the mysterious 'letter', which
we all know to be a symbol both of FW itself and of HCE's salvation through the agency of
ALP (and Shem). We've seen that the 29 may or may not have mailposted something....
I came across a reference in Yeats' _Autobiographies_ that was too curious to ignore. On
page 226 of the 1927 Macmillan edition, Yeats refers to _The Kabbala Unveiled_ by
Macgregor Mathers (Golden Dawn participant). Yeats describes Mathers as a man with
only two interests: "...magic and a theory of war." Although I know little of the work and have
absolutely no notion of Joyce's knowledge of it, this possible allusion seems to sew
together elements of the line: the heterodox Hebrew legend of Lilith, arcane knowledge,
and warfare ("besieged").
Mathers *founded* the Golden Dawn. My roomate owns Kabbalah Unveiled, which is one
of the first English translations of (parts of) the Zohar. There is some suggestive
metaphorizing between parts of the body and occult truths.
*LILITH*
The Hebrew Lilith is an apocryphal legend. The story is that Lilith was God's first attempt at
creating woman, but she was ungovernable and witchlike. So she was banished from
Eden and Eve was created as in Genesis. Lilith is a symbol of ancient seductive female
apostacy.
Lilith was said (this is legend or lore) to have had sex with Adam and/or to haunt him in his
wet dreams.
Lilith was Adam's first wife, created by god equal to him. She refused to accept his
domination, and the lore says she flew away into the desert, and since has inhabited ruins
and rocky wastes, as a kind of female sprite, a big one, a dangerous one, a lady Ifrit, etc.
That is why Lilith has become the emblem for the Feminists. But the text of Genesis has it
otherwise. Read Ginsberg, LEGENDS OF THE JEWS, VOL I.
Robert Graves did a nice sequel to "Greek Myths" called "Hebrew Myths", with Raphael
Patai. It collects these versions of Lilith:
formed out of filth and sediment
bore Adam "innumerable demons that still plague mankind"
left Adam in fury when he tried to force her to lie under him (unequally) for intercourse
refused to return when ordered by god
bears 100 demon children per day
loses 100 per day to death
sometimes kills her own children
is immortal because never ate the apple
appears as a succubus
"undone him" is a nice idiom, with natural poetry worthy of Joyce
He knew not that those at his wake were treacherous?
gone for ages? there to stay? thirsty? thursday?
the lililiths are gone for age, the treachers are here to stay
women:wishing::treachers:reality
Manuscripts: age was first aye
"gone for ages" seems less probable to me than "gone forever"--OED makes plain
that "ay" (sometimes "aye") is always "ever" and always rhymes with "bay, gay, day" etc.,
(where "aye" meaning "yes" is never "ay" and never so rhymes), making the sound echo
with "age" better: and it comes from Early Middle English EYY (read "Yogh" for Y there:
there's no ASCII for it!), which starts to look like "age."
gone for age might suggest the liliths split because he was too old?
or they had to leave because they were too young?
gone for age -> for another turn of the cosmic wheel
"knew not" (6.10-11) has a sexual meaning. That sexual teaching is treacherous (the fall
resulted from sexual knowledge--something now covered up with leaves...), hence
"treachers."
I can see the wakers as treacherous, but not yet as teachers. Watchful suggests the
treachers are the three spying soldiers, not the temptresses. Tree? Reachers?
In Chapter One, the wakers are definitely the 12, though.
The word "wake" is related to "watch", wakes being watches held over the corpse.
watchful creatures
Wakes in the early notes:
Ithaca 10:75 "Dubliners wake + continue (Vesuvians)" (Ulysses-era note) Circe 8:115
"R to R sleep R to L wake" (Ulysses-era note)
A-Oxen 24 "in sleep or wake"
A-Eolus 95 "Wake up, Dublin" (Finnegans!)
3.101 "wake story"
3.131 "Setting - a wake!?"
A-Penelope 169 "Is the beauty awake?"
A-Scylla 39 "dream thoughts are wake thoughts of centuries ago"
The first seven lines can have the sense:
"As the lion in the zoo remembers the lilies...then, whatever post he got from the 26 lasses,
he dreamed only of those Liliths long gone, and ignored his betrayers who were at his
wake, here to stay."
The girls showed, HCE watched the girls, the boys watch HCE.
Continuity: He's maybe just ignoring Herr Betreffender, and dreaming about the lililiths, and
golden fields of freedom. But the guys are described as at HCE's wake, so the seige is
the wake, pushing Finnegan back into his coffin after he wakes.
Dutch: fooi -> tip, gratuity; foei -> fie!; kamermeisje -> chambermaid B46: fooi
(tip), chamermeissy
Fooi -> scat, get out of here?
In addition to other things, "Fooi, fooi" suggests Latin "Fui, fui"---"I was, I was" (which can
also mean, I'm done for).
I suggest the "b" of chambermaid is eliminated for the echo of "shame."
Someone mentioned "loss" of _b_ in 'chammermissies'in "Romance" (including German
'Kammer'!). This is not a loss, but rather a French _addition_ of the _b_ in 'chambre',
which got carried into English 'chamber', but not into German, Italian, etc. 'camera' is
ultimately a Latin borrowing (without _b_) from Greek (which had no beta).
Textual echo. (Other times the temptresses are also shown as running off, eg 10.36-11.02):
Our pigeons pair are flewn for northcliffs. The three of crows have flapped it southenly,
kraaking of de baccle to the kvarters of that sky...
Maids in the early notes:
Joyce's first sexual experience (masturbation, at 14) was supposedly triggered by a
servant girl's peeing behind a bush.
Dutch: in't zeepsop -> [in] soap suds; laarzenlade -> load of boots (?), bootdrawer (?),
bootshelf (?)
dutch query: does laarzenlade summon up hotel shoeshine boys?
what are they sudsing up? "scrub them floors good"?
(these lines suggest HCE is a guest at a hotel.. or proprietor! Finn's Hotel?)
Does anybody out there recognize some form of the verb "to be" in "Zeepyzoepy"? The
structure here would seem to demand it be some copular form but I don't recognize it. [cf
fui, zijn]
Greek zoe: = life?
the 'zo' part of 'Zeepyzoepy' is indeed like Greek life, as in Byron's 'Maid
of Athens' poem. But it is also in 'zoo', which can be translated into German, as
in line 1 (tiergarten).
chamermissies -> chambermaids -> the two
Dual: maids/ thieves?
A tip for you, chambermaids! A bath for you, thieving boys!
maybe the wakers are washing their hands before eating the salmon-corpse? (the
cops have come, he's dead meat, being served as dinner/pampered in a fancy hotel)
If you reread the continuity-text holding in mind that JJ might have held the
siege as the core image, then:
The sieger(s) are also thieves-- larcenlads-- who plan to steal HCE's property if the siege
is successful: the salmon dinner, the coffin, the tavern?
Hotels in the early notes:
Dutch: zijn = to be, his
"Zijnzijn Zijnzijn!" The djinns or genies of Arabian legend. Burton's notes on the Arabian
Nights say that they frequent privies. Often represented as temptresses.
Zijn-Zijn might echo SinJin = StJohn = Gogarty, for those who know the British
pronunciation.
How is zijn pronounced? Zijnzijn!-type interjections often turn out to be onomatopoetic--
bells or something.
Well, it's cognate to German "sein" and is pronounced similarly; /zayn/ or somesuch.
Not ZIGN or ZEEN?
if the intended rhythm of zayn-zayn, zayn-zayn can be inferred from the punctuation (no first
"!"), then might this be a telephone ringing? a dinner bell???
I managed to confirm that Dutch telephones ring with a zijnzijn zijnzijn rhythm, which sounds
hopeful. (Still possibly an anachronism? Shall I ask on the telecomm newsgroup?) The
vowel sound "ij" my informant thought untranslatable, and I have no auditory memory for
such things. Kind of *ay* crossed with *eye*? (What's the closest english vowel sound to
"ij" in zijn?)
A tip for you, chambermaids! A bath for you, thieving boys!
Alliteration: Ff Zz ll Zz Zz
The chambermaids/ hotel/ telephone imagery might be the 'real' world intruding on the
dreamer?
Pattern: it may be &dutch
hunting motif?: are the narratorS(!) passing through Customs?
"hasten to declare" suggests stuttering
declareer might be the letter as something smuggled past guards, or
guiltily declared immediately: i have these references, these prejudices
glims -> eyes (slang) ("cast your glims this way...")
Byron, _Don Juan_: "The Isles of Greece, The Isles of Greece, Where burning
Sappho loved & sung..."
Manuscripts: "the fields of wheat and fields of wheat"
heat -> heather?
McH: Ysit -> Chapelizod
Iseult's hair was as fine and gold as cornsilk-- Tristan set out to find her when a bird brought
one of her hairs to King Mark, one of the most important early prototypes of the letter
We should not be misled into thinking of the Americanism 'corn silk' i.e. 'maize silk' in
connection with Ysit/Isolde. Corn to Joyce and other nonAmerican English speakers ain't
corn on the cob.
Ysit? -> Is it?
Isis also fits nicely because of the earlier Blavatsky reference and because she was among
other things a corn goddess, a star goddess, a water goddess and a Queen of the
Underworld (Budge). She is shamed and has shone as well as
Iseult. The associations with the Nile and its rising also fit with pages 75 and 76. Is there
also a connection with the lion, since she was often symbolized as a wild lioness??
Isis shamed -- I was thinking of such incidents as one in which Isis is sad because she was
responsible for the scorpion stinging the innoncent son of a lady who had not opened the
door for her (she later saves the child's life) or when she poisoned Ra to discover his
secret name, but it could also be the reaction of noninitiates to the mysteries of Isis. In any
case, as Budge
I thought he was torn to pieces and scattered???
shamed and shone -> Shem the shameful and Shaun the shiny
I think we should assume Issy = Tristan thru-out, so Tristan and Tantris = I1 and I2 = Shaun
and Shem
Iseult was shaming others, or was ashamed?
Both?: her adultery could be viewed as a shame to both herself and king Mark; to Ysit
herself or HCE.
shaved and shorn? (fields cut down? hair?)
"how was Isis shamed?" Suggestion: This may be a fond memory of youthful
undergraduate dalliance on the Isis, a name sometimes given to the upstream Thames at
Oxford, implicitly contrasting its pure golden country youth ("corngold") with what becomes
of it downstream. Perhaps it anticipates the I.8 conceit of the Liffey's girlish headwaters
passing down through the pollution of adult life and out to sea.
(Who's the undergrad? JJ? Oscar Wilde?)
The first "may be" is about Issy, the second maybe about Ysit/ALP, the wife/fertility aspect
he's betrayed with them, the virginal aspect?
We must hasten to declare that it may be that he looked back on, or looked forward to,
the sunny farmlands where blonde Iseult sinned or made us ashamed before her shining
beauty...
The Fooi passage has 3 exclamation marks. The Ysit passage has 3 question marks.
Am I missing a manuscript where the lion-garden-nenuphars-Ysit-treachers gets
introduced in bits? My xeroxes have those sentences born fullblown.
(shall Ariuz forget Arioun
B46: arioun (sang), ariuz (lion)
or Boghas the baregams of the Marmarazalles from Marmeniere?)
Armenian: Poghos -> Paul; barekam -> friend (or neighbor); marmnagan -> carnal
(corporeal)
it may be, tots wearsense full a naggin in twentyg have sigilposted what in our brievingbust,
it may be [followed by a dutch parenthesis]
i'm reminded of all the 'not yet's in paragraph 2 of chapter 1, and wonder if
other sections have similar patterns.
B46: tot
weerziens, postsigil, brievenbus
the besieged bedreamt him stil and solely of
those lililiths undeveiled
which had undone him, gone for age, and knew not the watchful treachers at his wake, and theirs to stay.
Fooi, fooi, chamermissies!
A-Eumeus 167 "French maid's morals"
A-Words 232 "cookmaid cullion"
3.142 "Trist (et Is) cocu" Is sleeps with Mark, and Mark sleeps with Brangien,
both in Ch5 (T never consummates his marriage to the 'wrong' Iseult.)
A-Exiles1 22 "Dame Brangaene (loq. Sy)"
A-Personal 540 "$I2 to $E sire" Brang to Mark? (may be later)
A-Penelope 219 "had to send away servants causa LB"
A-Exiles2 125 "Brang. sleeps with Mark: Is gets rid of her"
3.153 "It is not true that Pop was homosexual he had been arrested at the request of some
nursemaids to whom he had temporarily exposed himself in the Temple gardens" Frank
Harris on Oscar Wilde's Pop
Zeepyzoepy, larcenlads!
B46: in't zeep (soap) [in't not exxed]
Zoe ( -the-ho ;^) from Circe?
larcenlads -> larceny -> the three
He's maybe just ignoring the guy, and dreaming about the lililiths, and golden fields of
freedom. But the guy is described as at HCE's wake, so the seige is a wake, holding
Finnegan in his coffin after he wakes.
A-Personal 504 "$E reads guests' letters" (possibly much later)
25.94/70 "Nowhere Tavern"
25.105/81 "Finn's Hotel"
Zijnzijn Zijnzijn!
B46: zijnzijn [I'm impressed that JJ put it in the notebook this way. He had something in
mind...]
To be his, his to be! [???]
[comparing the openings of Ch 3 and 4]...what I always note, how much seems to come
from the building of a sound pattern. Lines 4-6 here alliterate on Bs, Ls and Ds until "gone
for age" drops it. Reading it this way reminds me of
reading Old English poetry (does anyone discuss this much and I've missed it?).
Moreover, often (most familiarly in the first chapter, I guess) there's a sense of covering the
alphabet, or at least suggesting more coverage than is actually there. Here in the first 8
lines it seems clear we start with A (Ariuz etc) and wind up with Z (Zijnzijn)--p. 48 also puts
us at Z with "zimzim zimzim" at just about the same rhythmic place (line 16, actually a little
later), though it started us with Cs ("Chest Cee") instead--and indeed As and Bs and Ms
and Ns get paired as we go along. I never can correlate these persistent reminders of the
alphabet with meaning, and I've only been able to think Joyce wants us always to
remember "the significance of the letter", so to speak, and that whatever else we're doing
as well, we're reading language all the time (which come to think of it is essentially what
Lacan had in mind too).
It may be, we moest ons hasten selves te declareer it,
B46: "you most your hasten self, houdenddoos, te, declareer"
Dutch words: je moet je (zelf) haasen -> you must hurry; we moesten ons haasten ->
we had to hurry; te -> to; declareer -> declare at Customs
that he reglimmed? presaw? the fields of heat and yields of wheat where corngold Ysit? shamed and shone
McH's "Chapelizod" should just be Iseult. (Iseult = Issy; Chapelizod (the
village outside Dublin where HCE has his tavern) may derive from Chapel of Iseult, from the
Tristan legend.)
There's a Wagner reference here-- "Was ist? Iseult?" is the ominous first line sung by
Tristan. Hayman argues intriguingly that JJ originally conceived FW as a Tristan-parallel
like Ulysses' Odyssey-parallel.
Issy Shem Shaun: the three kids of ALP and HCE