![[woodcut w/beard]](lull.gif)
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English translations are scarce: Ars Magna, Beloved, more
Altavista sez:
14477 "Ramon Llull"
1055 "Ramon Lull"
852 "Raimundus Lullus"
576 "Raymond Lulle"
496 "Raymond Lull"
383 "Raymond Lully"
291 "Ramon Llul"
160 "Raymundus Lullus"
145 "Raymund Lull"
107 "Raymund Lully"
99 "Raymundus Lullius"
50 "Raimundus Lullius"
44 "Raimond Lulle"
31 "Raimund Lull"
27 "Raymond Lullus"
16 "Ramon Lulio"
12 "Raimundo Llull"
11 "Raimond Lully"
9 "Raymond Llull"
9 "Ramon Lulle"
8 "Ramon Lully"
7 "Lullus Reymundus"
7 "Raimondus Lullius"
6 "Ramon Lullus"
6 "Raymond Lullius"
5 "Raimond Llull"
3 "Ramon Lullo"
3 "Raimund Llull"
2 "Raymond Lullo"
2 "Raymund Llull"
2 "Ramon Lul"(almost as many spellings as Muammar Gaddafi: McSweeneys, more)
(what's the deal with the double-ells? posting)
c1230: Majorca recovered from Muslims by Spain; population still 1/3 Moors, strong Jewish presence [cite]
c1235: born at Palma in Majorca, only child of French merchant, native language Catalan, learns Arabic from local Moors (also wrote in Latin)
educated as knight
profligate life as seneschal to Prince James/James II of Aragon; writes troubadour lyrics
1257: marries Blanca Picany (son and daughter)
c1265: vision of the crucifixion while writing to his mistress; renounces possessions, becomes hermit [600k pic]
pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and Notre Dame de Rocamadour (France)
1265-1274: studying Arabic language and Islamic philosophy (esp Averroes) to be better prepared as missionary (also Anselm and Augustine)
influenced by Spanish Kabbalists? [cite]
first European to write philosophy in a Romance language (Catalan)
c1272: "Logica d'Algatzel" (in verse, Logica del Gatzel, Compendium of the Logic of Al-Ghazzali)
c1273: revelation of Neoplatonic 'great art' on Majorca's Mount Randa: sees universe reflecting divine attributes
1274: "Libre de contemplacio en Deu" (Liber contemplationis magnus) [English?] [Catalan]
1274-1283: "Ars compendiosa inveniendi veritatem"
1274: "Art abreujada d'atrobar veritat"
1275: 13Mar: abandons his family [cite]
c1275: "Libre del gentil e dels tres savis" (Liber de gentili et tribus sapientibus) [German] [Catalan] quote&pic
"The Book of the Gentile, written between 1274-76 in Catalan and translated very rapidly into Latin, French and Spanish, portrays a cordial disputation between a Jew, Christian and Muslim for the edification of a Gentile utilising the framework of the Art..." [cite]
1276: "Libre de l'íorde de cavalleria"
1276: 17Oct? founds Franciscan monastery/school called Trinity College on Majorca, for Arabic and Chaldean
1274-1283? "Artificium electionis personarum" [etext]
1279-1283? "Libre de l'Orde de Cavalleria" (The Book of the Order of Chivalry) [info]
1283: "Libre d'Evast e d'Aloma e de Blaquerna" (autobiographical novel of social reform, aka Blaquerna) [extract] [Catalan] [Catalan bits] [summary]
"Great was the pleasure, joy, and happiness that Evast and Aloma felt from the birth of Blanquerna."
1283: "Libre de Ave Maria" [English]
"The holy Spirit, who came upon Our Lady, is naturally a good person and Our Lady is naturally a good person and the Son of God is naturally a good person."
1283: Sufi aphorisms? "Libre d'amic e amat" (Liber de amico et amato, The Book of the Lover and the Beloved) [English!] ditto [Portug]
"Foolish lover, why do you destroy your body, spend all your money, abandon the delights of this world, and go about scorned by people?" He answered, "In order to honor the perfections of my beloved, who is unloved and dishonored by more men than honor and love him." [cite]
1283: "Ars demostrativa" (combinatorics of four elements)
1283-1287? "Liber propositionum secundum Artem demonstrativam" [English]
"Because the deficient intellectual virtue of the uneducated and sometimes even of those whose understanding has been prepared by thorough and fruitful studies, is unable to apprehend the lofty subtlety of several points found in this book, it is now necessary and very useful, in order to dispel the clouds of ignorance, to provide examples so that the reader will not perchance form opinions that are alien to the Art."
1285: poems: "Plant de la Verge e Hores de Nostra Dona Maria" [Catalan]
c1286: "Liber chaos" [English]
"...thus, the four essences all move and are moved simultaneously and instantaneously throughout one another in so subtle a way, that all four are found mixed together in every infinitesimal point of the Chaos."
1287-1289: teaching Arabic metaphysics in Paris
1288: "Cent noms de Deu" (Liber de centum nominibus Dei) [Catalan] [quotes]
1289: "Felix, o Libre de meravelles" (compendium of the world as seen by Felix)
1290: "Ars inventativa veritatis" (simplification of Ars Magna; combinatorics of three elements) [principles]
"As a principle of this Art, wisdom informs the artist's intellect about the supreme principle of wisdom, understood as an exemplar of how good, great, durable, powerful etc. the knower, knowledge and knowing can be."
1290: associates with millenarian 'Spiritual Franciscans'
1292-1293: psychological crisis in Italy; becomes tertiary of the Order of St. Francis
1293: to Tunis, challenges local Islamic scholars to debate the relative truth of their faiths
1294: kicked out of Tunis
1294: "Arbre de filosofia desiderat" (Arbor philosophiae desideratae) [English]
"The Branches of this Tree are: Being that is GOD, & Being that is not GOD. Being that is Real, & Being that is Fantastic. Being that is Genus, & Being that is Species. Being that is Moving, & Being that is Mobile. Being that is Unity, & Being that is Plurality. Being that is Abstract, & Being that is Concrete. Being that is Intensive, & Being that is Extensive. Being that is Likeness, & Being that is Unlikeness. Being that is Generation, & Being that is Corruption."
1295: "Desconhort" [Catalan]
1296: "Pro verbis de Ramon" (Liber proverbiorum) [English]
"The Affatus is such a noble faculty, and so very useful, that the Lord of all nature would be doing it wrong, if it were not a sense."
1297-1299: Paris [Latin letter]
1297: "Arbre de Ciencia" (Arbor scientiae) greatest encyclopedic work
1299: returned to the East as a missionary
1299: "De arte eleccionis" [etext]
1300: "Cant de Ramon" [Catalan] ditto, ditto German
1301: "Rhetorica Nova"
1302: "Libre dels mil proverbis" (Mil pro verbis) [Catalan]
1302: meets Jacques de Molay, grand master of Templars
1303: "Liber de lumine" [English]
"5. Given that a rose is elemented, does it have an elementing instinct? Solution: in the definition of the Instinct of light."
1304: "Liber de memoria" [English?]
1305-1307: "Ars generalis ultima" (Ars Magna) [synopsis] [English] logic-machine with subjects and predicates of theological propositions arranged in geometrical figures, so that by moving a lever, turning a crank, or causing a wheel to revolve, the propositions would arrange themselves in the affirmative or negative and thus prove themselves to be true [table] [god] ditto
"This 84-column Table is a subject or instrument used to seek out solutions to questions, by responding affirmatively or negatively to questions at hand, in accordance with the principles and rules while rejecting whatever is contrary to them."
1305: "Liber de ascensu et descensu intellectus" (The Book of the Ascent and Descent of the Intellect, part of Ars Magna)
The Tree of Knowledge
1305: "Liber de fïne"
1307: Africa, imprisoned and expelled, shipwrecked
1308: "Art breu" (Ars Brevis) [Latin] English: astronomy
1311: "Liber de syllogismis contradictoriis"
1311: (auto?)biography "Vita coetanea" (Vida coetania, A Contemporary Life) [Portug]
1311: "Lo concili" three goals: missionary schools that teach oriental languages, book that proves Christianity, successful missionary work [cite]
1311: returned to Europe to address Council of Vienna about converting the Moors; Disputatio Petri clerici et Raymundi phantastici (portrays himself as 'Phantasticus', or Ramon the Fool) [cite]
1313: Feb: "Liber de septem donis Spiritus sancti" [English]
"These gifts are: (1) wisdom, (2) science, (3) intellect, (4) counsel, (5) fortitude, (6) piety, (7) fear."
1313: Oct: "Liber de medio naturali" [English]
"...we are writing this book about the permanent natural medium which exists between the subject and the predicate, without which the intellect cannot make any science at all."
1313: apocryphal? "Ars infusa" [English]
1314: "Liber de memoria Dei" (De divina memoria) [English]
"Further: if the intellect and memory were but one single power, no object could be either ignored or forgotten, as power and duration would be generally common to both."
1315: 29Jun: maybe stoned to death by Saracens in Tunis (maybe just acidentally drowned) [relic]
no-date: predicted existence of Americas? [cite]
Lullists found chairs at Universities of Barcelona and Valencia
1376: formally condemned by pope Gregory XI
alchemical works by 'Pseudo-Lull' [info]
c1480: Hebrew translation of 'Ars Brevis' [cite]
1523: Fr. Bernard de Lavinheta's Practical Compendium of the Art of Blessed Raymond Lull [extracts]
1550: Camillo's Memory Theater [info]
1651: Strasburg edition of Ars Magna
1666: Liebniz bases "Dissertatio de arte combinatoria" (Dissertation on the combinatorial art) on Llull [info]
1721-1742: ten-volume Mainz edition of complete works, edited by Ivo Salzinger and Philip Wolff [pix]
1741: [Spanish]
1847: beatified by Pius IX
1901: fan-mag started in Barcelona, 'Rivista Lulliana'
1966: Frances Yates "The Art of Memory"
University RL: website
websites: Portuguese?; database of works
bios: Ecole, spiritual, psych, Cath, Cath2, math, travels, bibliog
etexts: long, short texts, poems&pic, ditto, Portuguese zips
Spanish/Portuguese/Catalan/Latin/etc-language: detailed, works-chron, encyc w/pix, w/pic, bust
illustrations: editions, big gifs, 15thC, 18thC, MemoryArts, tree of virtues
Ars Magna: page
essays: Bonner, comp sci, electoral
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![[600k pic]](http://www.ub.uni-freiburg.de/referate/04/lull01.gif){kind=link}